Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE)

The equine encephalitis viruses are mosquito transmitted diseases that can cause severe inflammation of the brain. Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) most commonly occurs in the Eastern United States and Canada.
Equine encephalitis viruses closely related to venezulean equine encephalitis virus

Causes
The Togaviradae virus found in wild birds, transmitted to horses and humans via the bite of an infected mosquito, causes EEE and WEE

Signs

• Fever
  
• Drowsiness
  
• Muscle twitches
  
• Drooping ears
  
• Circling
  
• Paralysis of the pharynx, larynx and tongue are common
  
• Head pressing
  
• Paralysis

Prevention

• Vaccines for EEE, WEE, and VEE are available for horses.
  
• Measures to control mosquito populations and minimize mosquito exposure will decrease chances of infection
  
• Remove standing water
  
• Insect repellents can be used

Treatment

• There is no cure for EEE
  
• Corticosteroids, anticonvulsants can be given
  
• Intra venous fluid therapy can be given
  
• Antipyeretics can be given to reduce fever.